How Economic Systems Allocate Resources Effectively

How Economic Systems Allocate Resources Effectively Executive Summary Learning outcome two comprises of three questions. The first question speaks about economic systems; it will be explained in the research how these economic systems attempt to allocate resources effectively. According to Samuelson (n.d.) these three economic systems are: Mixed economy, command and free market. ‘Mixed economies may have a distinct private sector, where resources are allocated primarily by market forces, such as the grocery sector of the UK economy. Command economy: ‘Markets enable mutually beneficial exchange between producers and consumers, and systems that rely on markets to solve the economic problem are called market economies. This method is referred to as central planning and economies that exclusively use central planning are called command economies. In other words governments direct or command resources to be used in particular ways’. These will be thoroughly explained in the research. The second question speaks about fiscal and monetary po licies, fiscal policy is basically a tool used determine rules with respect to the expenditure of a government. Monetary policy influences the extent of money supply in an economy. Ghuman (2005). The last question speaks to competition policy and other regulatory mechanisms in an organization. Background/ Rationale The aim of the research is to provide the researcher with an understanding of different organizations, the influence of stakeholders and the relationship between business and the local, national and global environment. On successful completion of learning outcome two, the researcher will understand the nature of the national environment in which business operate. The researcher will understand how economic systems attempt to allocate resources effectively, the researcher will also understand the impact of fiscal and monetary policy has on business organizations and their activities and also the impact of competition policy and other regulatory mechanism and the activities of an organization. Profile 1 Mission Statement: To provide business planning and marketing strategy consulting services to help businesses become even more successful. Bryan’s consulting Firm Contact Information: Email Address: [emailprotected] Fax Number: 9044765 Office Number: 9086712 Bryan’s consulting firm was founded in 1993. This company is under the supervision of Miss Chinelle Bryan and Cyril Mathiaz. They are located on the tropical plaza in half way tree Kingston. Bryan’s consulting firm is a partnership organization. They are assisted by a staff of fifteen well trained and educated workers. A few of these workers are Jada Fyffe,Janae Chung and Aaliya Ftffe,who are under the fields of communication and knowledge and information interaction and human resource management. Bryan’s consulting firm targets small struggling businesses. The services offered by the company are to provide enrichment and fulfilment, create solutions to problems and help businesses develop effectively. The company is unique `because of their superior customer service, they think both internally and externally, and they are the only consulting firm in Jamaica that opens 24 hours. Their prices and their guarantee also make them unique. The goals and objectives of B ryan’s consulting firm are: superior customer service, growth, efficiency, retention, support opportunity, building amazing service, have happy customers, increase revenue, increase profit and build the community. Miss Bryan and Cyril Mathiaz were inspired to create this business because of their personal struggles with their small business in the past..†You push the limits, we measure it†. Profile 2 Chixae’s variety store Contact Information: Email Address: [emailprotected] Fax Number: 9092145 Office Number: 9017123 Mission Statement: The mission is to build permanent habits through daily practices. This mission is to make a profit that will not only benefit our company but to give back to the community. Chixae Variety Store was established in 2010. This store is governed by Chinelle Bryan and Xae Boreland. Their store can be found on the Springs Plaza in Half Way Tree Kingston. This is a partnership organization. Chinelle Bryan and Xae Boreland are assisted by ten well trained and oriented workers who are under the departments of: Cashier, Sanitization, Assistance- customers, and collector- Collection of bags when entering the store. The company is unique because it’s a store that everything is offered under one roof and their prices are unbeatable. The goals and objectives of Chixae’s variety store are: to give back to the community, have happy customers, and a superior customer service. This store was created by because Xae and Chinelle wanted a place where one can purchase almost everything under the same roof at an affordable price and that’s exactly what is offered at Chixae’s variety store. Chixae’s variety store targets both old and young pe ople. The mission is to build permanent habits through daily practise; to indicate to customers that they can get all they want under the same roof, at an affordable price and getting good quality for their â€Å"little money†. However, they are now facing some difficulties because of the lack of communication and knowledge and information interaction skills. Objectives To identify how economic systems attempt to allocate resources effectively To assess the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on business organizations and their activities To evaluate the impact of competition policy and other regulatory mechanisms on the activities of a selected organization Methodology Qualitative research is designed to reveal a target audience’s range of behaviour and the perceptions that drive it with reference to specific topics or issues. It uses in-depth studies of small groups of people to guide and support the construction of hypotheses. The results of qualitative research are descriptive rather than predictive. The research consists of the secondary research method. The research is qualitative based, reason being, interviews will be carried out with stakeholders, this type of research is more efficient, less time consuming and inexpensive. Secondary sources entail the usage of internet sources. The limitation the researcher had are some information seemed old or the internet may provide different answers to a question which posed difficulties for the researcher as the researcher would not know which of the answers are correct. The information collected was controlled, processed and evaluated in order to meet objectives of Chixae’s variety Store. The research questions will be analysed critically giving examples matching the organization that was assessed. LO2- Understand the nature of the national environment in which businesses operate 2.1 Explain how economic systems attempt to allocate resources effectively Mixed economies ‘Mixed economies may have a distinct private sector, where resources are allocated primarily by market forces, such as the grocery sector of the UK economy. Mixed economies may also have a distinct public sector, where resources are allocated mainly by government, such as defence, police, and fire services. In many sectors, resources are allocated by a combination of markets and panning, such ashealthcare and, which have both public and private provision’ (Samuelson n.d.) Free Markets ‘Markets enable mutually beneficial exchange between producers and consumers, and systems that rely on markets to solve the economic problem are called market economies. In a free market economy, resources are allocated through the interaction of free and self-directed market forces. This means that what to produce is determined consumers, how to produce is determined by producers, and who gets the products depends upon the purchasing power of consumers’. (Samuelson n.d.) Command Economics Another solution to the economic problem is the allocation of scarce resources by government, or an agency appointed by the government. ‘This method is referred to as central planning and economies that exclusively use central planning are called command economies. In other words governments direct or command resources to be used in particular ways’. (Samuelson n.d.) 2.2 Assess the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on business organizations and their activities According to Ghuman (2010), ‘Fiscal policy instrument determines the rules and regulations with respect to the nature and extent and taxation and expenditure by the government. The extent of tax collection and government expenditure in different domains significantly impacts the profit position of a business entity’. Monetary policy: ‘This policy influences the extent of money supply in an economy. Depending on the requirement of a country to give boost or control inflation, its government makes modification in monetary policy. These changes impact both the availability and the cost of funds for business organizations. The monetary policy also influences the value of the national currency in the international market, the impacting profit position of the companies operating in the global market. Ghuman (2005) 2.3 Evaluate the impact of competition policy and other regulatory mechanisms on the activities of a selected organization The selected organization is the Office of Fair Trading (OFT). Established by the fair trading Act 1973, is a non- profit organization of the United Kingdom. The Fair Trading Act basically requires competition law and protection. OFT’s main objective is fairness. They make sure markets work well for consumers, ensuring that there is fair competition among all trading firms. Its role power changed with the Enterprise Act which was passed in 2002. ‘Department for Business Innovation and Skills (BIS) announce further reforms to the UK consumer and competition regimes. In accordance with the provisions of the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) was established in April 2014 and combines many of the functions of the OFT and the Competition Commission and replace both’. (Office of Fair Trading 2014). Competition commission was a public body who was responsible for investigating market merges and other things related to regulatory industries that are a part of the competition law in the U.K. The Business Innovation and Skills (BIS) announced further reform to the UK consumer and competition regimes. The competition market authority (CMA) which was established in April 2014 combined many of the functions of the OFT and competition commission and replace both. (Office of Fair Trading 2014), ‘Competition Commission Monopolies and Mergers Commission replaced on 1 April 1999. It was created by the Competition Act 1998, although most of its powers were governed by the Enterprise Act 2002’. The competition commission was removed on the first of April in the year 2014 and was replaced by the competition authority (CMA), this took over many responsibilities of the OFT. Conclusion In concluding, on successful completion of learning outcome, the nature of national environment in which business operate was looked at. Learning outcome focused on three questions. The researcher first spoke about economic systems; it was explained in the research how these economic systems attempt to allocate resources effectively. Samuelson (n.d.) Mixed economy, command and free market. ‘Mixed economies may have a distinct private sector, where resources are allocated primarily by market forces, such as the grocery sector of the UK economy. Command economy: ‘Markets enable mutually beneficial exchange between producers and consumers, and systems that rely on markets to solve the economic problem are called market economies. This method is referred to as central planning and economies that exclusively use central planning are called command economies. In other words governments direct or command resources to be used in particular ways’. The three were explained in the research. The researcher then went on by talking about fiscal and monetary policies, fiscal policy is basically a tool used determine rules with respect to the expenditure of a government. Monetary policy influences the extent of money supply in an economy. Ghuman (2005). Lastly, the researcher gave a brief outline of competitio n policy and other regulatory mechanisms in an organization. Recommendations The uttermost goal of any organization is to make a profit and have a long term business. In order for Chixae’s Variety Store to be around for a long time, it is recommended they understand the business environment. Chixae’s Variety Store should understand the nature of the national environment in which they operate. The researcher would recommend that they understand the economic systems to allocate resources effectively. The three are: Mixed, free market and command. The one that would be recommended for this store to allocate their resources is free market. Reason being, In a free market economy, resources are allocated through the interaction of free and self-directed market forces. This means that what to produce is determined by consumers, how to produce is determined by producers, and who gets the products depends upon the purchasing power of consumers’. (Samuelson n.d.) The researcher recommends this because with a business like Chixae’s Variety St ore, whatever they plan to do depends on their stakeholders, and to be successful, it is important they satisfy them. Everything coincides with these people, as (Samuelson n.d.) stated, ‘what to produce is determined consumers, how to produce is determined by producers, and who gets the products depends upon the purchasing power of consumers’. Lastly, the researcher recommends that Chixae’s Variety Store is knowledgeable about fiscal policy. Reason being, Fiscal policy is ‘the extent of tax collection and government expenditure in different domains significantly impacts the profit position of a business entity’. Ghuman (2010). If this is a term that explains the impacts the profit position of the business then it would be wise for every business to know what it is. References Samuelson,n.d., Economic systems. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Competitive_markets/Economic_systems.html. [Accessed 05 November 2014]. Ghuman, K G, 2010. Management: Concepts, Practice. 5th ed. West Patel Nagar, New Delhi 110008: Tata Mcgraw Hill. Office of Fair Trading, 2007. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay-on/Evaluate-The-Impact-Of-Competition-Policy/279493. [Accessed 07 November 2014].

Accounting Essay -- essays paper

Accounting There are many different types of accounting. I haven’t made the choice of which particular part of the profession I am going to go into. I am going to focus on financial accountant. The decision to become an accountant is usually not made until college. However general accounting and bookkeeping classes can be taken in high school. In college, the student needs to decide on a more specific field of accounting. An accountant has many choices regarding what particular field of accounting to specialize in, depending on the financial information he or she wants to analyze and how it is done. Financial accountants, tax accountants and internal auditors are all accountants in general but require different training and work methods. A financial accountant records economic data and periodically prepares reports that show profit and other financial information of a company using the generally accepted accounting principles. The reports prepared by the accountant are useful for managers, and also for owners, creditors and the public. Based on information in the reports, the public can use the reports to choose a company to invest in. Because a financial accountant is employed by an individual company, he or she is considered a private accountant. Accountants have career choices to make based on more specialized interests in a field, and, as with other careers, a different specialization will have different educational requirements. Different classes will... Accounting Essay -- essays paper Accounting There are many different types of accounting. I haven’t made the choice of which particular part of the profession I am going to go into. I am going to focus on financial accountant. The decision to become an accountant is usually not made until college. However general accounting and bookkeeping classes can be taken in high school. In college, the student needs to decide on a more specific field of accounting. An accountant has many choices regarding what particular field of accounting to specialize in, depending on the financial information he or she wants to analyze and how it is done. Financial accountants, tax accountants and internal auditors are all accountants in general but require different training and work methods. A financial accountant records economic data and periodically prepares reports that show profit and other financial information of a company using the generally accepted accounting principles. The reports prepared by the accountant are useful for managers, and also for owners, creditors and the public. Based on information in the reports, the public can use the reports to choose a company to invest in. Because a financial accountant is employed by an individual company, he or she is considered a private accountant. Accountants have career choices to make based on more specialized interests in a field, and, as with other careers, a different specialization will have different educational requirements. Different classes will...

A Corporate Code of Ethics is Not Enough Essay -- Sarbanes-Oxley Act o

After news of the scandal of Enron, one of the hottest items on e-Bay was a 64-page copy of Enron’s corporate code of ethics. One seller/former employee proclaimed it had â€Å"never been opened.† In the forward Kenneth L. Lay, CEO of Enron stated, â€Å"We want to be proud of Enron and to know that it enjoys a reputation for fairness and honesty and that it is respected (Enron 2).† For a company with such an extensive code of ethics and a CEO who seemed to want the company to be respected for that, there are still so many unanswered questions of what exactly went wrong. I believe that simply having a solid and thorough code of ethics alone does not prevent a company from acting unethically when given the right opportunity. Investors and the media once considered Enron to be the company of the future. The company had detailed code of ethics and powerful front men like Kenneth Lay, who is the son of a Baptist minister and whose own son was studying to enter the ministry (Flynt 1). Unfortunately the Enron board waived the company’s own ethic code requirements to allow the company’s Chief Financial Officer to serve as a general partner for the partnership that Enron was using as a conduit for much of its business. They also allowed discrepancies of millions of dollars. It was not until whistleblower Sherron S. Watkins stepped forward that the deceit began to unravel. Enron finally declared bankruptcy on December 2, 2001, leaving employees with out jobs or money. For a company to be successful ethically, it must go beyond the notion of simple legal compliance and adopt a values-based organizational culture. A corporate code of ethics can be a very valuable and integral part of a company’s culture but I believe that it is not strong enough to stand alone. Thought and care must go into constructing the code of ethics and the implementation of it. Companies need to infuse ethics and integrity throughout their corporate culture as well as into their definition of success. To be successfully ethical, companies must go beyond the notion of simple legal compliance and adopt a values-based organizational culture. Creating a Solid Code of Ethics What a Code of Ethics Should Entail The importance of having a code of ethics is to define acceptable behaviors and promote higher standards of practice within a company. The code should provide a benchmark for... ...y’s code but to our own code. We must make the choice of what is right and wrong and if put in a situation that is against our code we must stand up for what is right. A corporate code of ethics is a necessity in today’s society, but the company cannot simply rely on just a code. For the code to be successful, the company must prove to their employees that they have the desire and drive to back the words of their code. Bibliography Enron. Code of Ethics. Jul. 2000. 20 Feb. 2005. . Flynt, Sean. â€Å"Enron Whistleblower Tells Chilling Tale of Corporate Ruin.† Samford University. Ed. Donna Fitch. 19 Feb. 2004. 3 Mar. 2005. . Hawkins, John. â€Å"The Path to Ethical Internalization: Moving the Code from the Wall to Daily Life.† Leadership Lifestyle. May. 2003 Johnson & Johnson. Our Credo. 18 August 2004. 3 Mar. 2005. . Wee, Heesun. â€Å"Corporate Ethics: Right Makes Might.† Business Week Online. Ed. Douglas Harbrecht. 11 Apr. 2002. 3 Mar. 2005. United States of America. One Hundred Seventh Congress. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Sec 406. Brooks, Leonard J. Business & Professional Ethics for Directors, Executives, & Accountants. Mason: Thompson South-Western, 2004. p227.

AIDS and STD Education :: Free AIDS Essays

AIDS and STD Education Adults (over the age of 18) from the _________ company and other peope who I know were randomly assigned to receive the survey. The group includes married males and females as well as single male and females. There are 19 female and 31 male subjects. A survey consisting of twenty statements concerning sexually transmitted disease and HIV infection. The survey was designed by myself . The purpose of the survey is to measure participants awareness of AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases. I am trying to show that people are not well informed about subjects such as condom use, condom use and alcohol, transmission of sexual diseases, and the magnitude of the AIDS problem. Subjects are asked to choose the level with which they agree or disagree with each statement. There are two levels of agreement and two levels of disagreement. See appendix A. A consent form was signed by all participants. See appendix B. Results t-test*: t (48) = -2.2185, p < .0313 | | | df cv pv Variable N Mean Std Dev. Minimum Maximum Q1 50 1.420 0 .810 1.00 4. AIDS and STD Education :: Free AIDS Essays AIDS and STD Education Adults (over the age of 18) from the _________ company and other peope who I know were randomly assigned to receive the survey. The group includes married males and females as well as single male and females. There are 19 female and 31 male subjects. A survey consisting of twenty statements concerning sexually transmitted disease and HIV infection. The survey was designed by myself . The purpose of the survey is to measure participants awareness of AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases. I am trying to show that people are not well informed about subjects such as condom use, condom use and alcohol, transmission of sexual diseases, and the magnitude of the AIDS problem. Subjects are asked to choose the level with which they agree or disagree with each statement. There are two levels of agreement and two levels of disagreement. See appendix A. A consent form was signed by all participants. See appendix B. Results t-test*: t (48) = -2.2185, p < .0313 | | | df cv pv Variable N Mean Std Dev. Minimum Maximum Q1 50 1.420 0 .810 1.00 4.

Forever 21

Forever 21: Dealing with America’s Fear of Aging and Death Abstract It is estimated by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention that there will be 71 million U. S. adults over the aged of 65 by 2030 (CDC, 2011, May 11). It can be certain, as was with their predecessors, that the geriatric journey for these adults will be filled with multiple anti-aging face creams and miracle hair growth products as they reluctantly cross over to the last stage of their lives.As shown not only through our media and social interactions’ growing old is not the popular choice. Ironically, the reality is that aging and dying is just as significant as our first breath. It is a journey made by everyone and everything though it is fought with a resistance that cannot be denied. The basis of this paper will discuss the preconceptions and barriers, whether psychological or societal, that is linked with aging, and steadfast approaches that can be used to cope with the aging process and the r eality that death is eminent.Keywords: ageism, aging, death, coping, geriatric, fear, quality of life Forever 21: Dealing with America’s Fear of Aging and Death A study performed by the National Consumer’s League reported that approximately 90 million Americans purchase anti-aging products or have surgical procedures performed to ward off the visible signs of aging each year (Nelson, 2005). As the baby boomer generation moves into their senior years, they may not be prepared for the psychological challenges that their predecessors experienced before them (Daniel, 1994).As Todd Nelson describes in his article, Ageism: Prejudice Against Our Feared Future Self, the old are treated as â€Å"second-class citizens with nothing to offer society† (Nelson, 2005, p. 209). A research model concluded that older persons in the United States were perceived as â€Å"warm, but incompetent† (Nelson, 2005, p. 215). Research suggests that the stereotyping of the older popul ation is much more severe than originally thought, making it necessary for further research to find ways to reduce the disdain towards aging (Nelson, 2005).The negative attitude associated with aging has not always been this way. Historically, older individuals were once revered, and admired as they were considered wise and experienced. They were the historians of the past, teaching the customs and values to the new, emerging generations (Nelson, 2005). The degeneration towards the old occurred by way of technology through the invention of the printing press which allowed duplication of stories in mass distribution, making the elder’s status less significant.Another factor was the industrial revolution as progress dictated where families lived. This new mobility requirement did not settle well with the less adaptive and older generation, breaking apart the traditional family structure in order to secure employment elsewhere. Growing companies needed strength and adaptability during that time so the younger generation excelled professionally whereas experienced, older applicants were less valued. The advancements in medicine also extended a person’s life expectancy, prolonging the caregiver’s responsibility to its elder (Nelson, 2005).In Todd Nelson’s article, Ageism: Prejudice against Our Feared Future self, he discusses the social prejudices associated with aging, and the subtle ways those prejudices are conveyed. His primary focus is our aging population of baby boomers, and how they will be affected by being stereotyped in ways that are patronizing and degrading (Nelson, 2005). In an effort to thwart such negative attitudes, Jere Daniel, the author of Learning to Love Growing Old, describes a â€Å"vanguard† movement that is committed to changing the way aging is perceived.These individuals have evoked the term, â€Å"conscious aging† which promotes awareness and acceptance of the aging process as we move through ea ch stage of life. The supporters of this movement confer that aging is not a curable disease, and it cannot be solved by spending billions of dollars on preventing its process or its end (Daniel, 1994). Another supporter of changing the way aging is conveyed is author, Margaret Cruiksbank, of the book, Learning to be Old. In her book she is a proponent of changing the way the aging process is described. Her position is that the underlying meaning of popular terms to describe aging weakens its value.She denotes that the term â€Å"successful aging† is a false phrase for the elderly as it â€Å"masks both the wish to continue mid-life indefinitely and the white, Middle-class, Western values of researchers, causing them to emphasize productivity, effectiveness and independence† (Cruiksbank, 2009, p. 2). She also concludes that the term â€Å"productive† aging symbolizes â€Å"economic usefulness and social conformity† (Cruiksbank, 2009, p. 2), especially for the female gender. More importantly, these terms can be used to measure. This ability to measure is subjective to the questioner and an individual’s self-worth.She suggests the term â€Å"aging comfortably† as it signifies easiness, and a â€Å"faint hint† of pleasurable self-indulgence which may not have been possible in younger years (Cruiksbank, 2009, p. 3). There has been decades of research examining what it referred to as â€Å"automatic categorization† (Nelson, 2005. p. 207). Researchers describe this as an essential trait in humans that is a primal response to physical characteristics, such as race, gender, and age, that automatically prompts emotional responses and prejudices. This type of categorization sets the foundation for stereotyping (Nelson, 2005).The aging community is faced with an array of negative stereotypes that affects their independence as well as their self-perception. Many times the negativity is hidden, almost overlooked as it in an unconscious gesture unbeknownst to either participant. Nelson discusses the use of patronizing language as a form of negative socialization. He states that researchers define its usage as â€Å"overaccomodation and baby talk† (Nelson, 2005, p. 209). This type of language is based on the stereotype that individuals suffer from hearing loss to a limited or degenerate intellect as a result of growing old (Nelson, 2005).Another form of stereotyping that has a debilitating effect on the aging adult’s self-esteem is a term called â€Å"infantilization† (Nelson, 2005, p. 210). This is described as a process that occurs over time as the aging adult relinquishes their independence, eventually leaving them to believe that they can no longer do for themselves. The aging adult is victim in believing that they are â€Å"old†, and subsequently begins to assume behaviorisms that depict old age such as moving and thinking more slowly. Researchers have found that t his is prevalent in elders that have been over accommodated.The end result is that it not only affects the elder person but burdens their caretaker as well (Nelson, 2005). Another prejudice that is common is segregation of the old (Cruiksbank, 2009). Cruiksbank notes that even people over sixty five have a disdain for their peers, saying â€Å"they do not want to be around all those people† which may be their way of unconsciously avoiding their own mortality (Cruiksbank, 2009, p. 10). She states that distancing themselves may be a way they preserve their autonomy. Cruiksbank sees this as a form of denial, and also counterproductive as she eels solidarity needs to be exemplified by the old especially in this time of their lives. Gereontological research has also found other common patterns among the elderly and their peers. In another attempt to demonstrate independence, the elderly tend to generalize geriatric health issues. They segregate themselves by expressing how fortuna te they are not to be suffering the same doomed fate (Cruiksbank, 2009). All forms of media reinforce negative stereotypes associated with aging (Daniel, 1994). By as early as six years old, negative stereotypes have already formed about aging.These stereotypes continue throughout our lives, and are subconsciously accepted without question. Daniel concludes that society has no role models that favor growing old. A nursing home ad with a dialogue that emulates the aging parent as a problem or burden further acerbates the stigma. Culture and media are designed to postpone the evitable as it is geared towards staying young, and delivers that message from fashion to health (Daniel, 1994). The result of these stereotypes is that as we age, impending doom invades the individual’s thoughts.In an effort to conform to culture’s idea of individualism, the aging population perpetually seeks an elusive youth, thereby denying their mind and bodies the right to age (Daniel, 1994). I t is not surprising then as the body begins to breakdown, that the aging person feels embarrassed and insignificant (Cruikshank, 2009). There is an ongoing movement to re-adjust society’s perception of what it means to age (Daniel, 1994). In an effort to shift the mindset of America’s aging, non-institutionalized studies have been done in American communities to determine the intellectual and cognitive effects of their aging population.The results concluded that â€Å"physical and mental decline is not evitable† Daniel, 1994). As the aging population grasps at their â€Å"desire to have meaning† in their lives, more attention needs to be focused on the positive influences that can enhance their daily existence. These influences include a positive attitude along with making healthy choices for themselves such as food, physical activity and recreation (Kerschner and Pegues, 1998). One way to improve the aging process is to be proactive in developing a healt hy lifestyle that includes good eating habits and physical activity.Research has concluded that the mind is a powerful tool in creating reality so protecting one’s health can be a precept to a fighting off future ailments (Kerschner and Pegues, 1998). The choice to give back to the community creates a meaningful and positive response in many ways. The benefit of socially connecting in a structured atmosphere lends opportunity to share not only wisdom but to develop new relationships that otherwise would not have occurred (Kerschner and Pegues, 1998).Studies have concluded that people who remain active have a clearer sense of who they are and what value they hold in society as well as their community (Kerschner and Pegues, 1998). For every beginning, there must be an end. There is term called vertical axis which describes the mind-body experience when an infant first enters the world. It is believed that prior to a person’s birth, the mind and body are not aware of each other but as soon as they arrive, both are encapsulated by â€Å"sensation and emotion† as the two entities meet for the first time (Carvalho, 2008, p. 4).With the help of a mother’s touch, their union becomes a â€Å"seamless ensemble† (Carvalho, 2008, p. 4). The two live together, as one, for many years. It is not until the last stage of life, do they find themselves encapsulated by â€Å"sensation and emotion† again as now they have grown apart, separated as the aging body or mind is no longer able to oblige the other. They spend the rest of their days laboring until they can agree to leave together, in death. Fear of aging can ignite or dim the remainder of a person’s life. There is an array of products, books, and doctors promising new ways to reinvent the old self.In America, we are driven by the desire to stay young and because of this truth; the aging person experiences certain prejudices. Though, despite the adversity, aging can be a cata lyst to many wonderful and positive experiences that could only happen because one is old. One outdated novelty, wisdom, is just waiting to be reinvented by today’s aging population, and it would nice to see it be born again. * * * * * * * References Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011, May 11). Cdc. Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/AAG/aging. tm Jere Daniel. (September 1, 1994). Psychology Today. In Learning to Love Growing Old. Retrieved October 1, 2012, from http://www. psychologytoday. com/articles/199409/learning-love-growing-old. Cruikshank, M. (2009). Learning to be old, gender, culture, and aging. Rowman & Littlefield Pub Inc. Kerschner, H. , & Pegues, J. A. M. (1998). Productive aging: a quality of life agenda. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 98(12), 1445. Retrieved October 1, 2012 from http://go. galegroup. com. ezproxy. liberty. edu:2048/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA53479831&v=2. &u=vic_liberty&it=r&p=AONE &sw=w Nelson, T. D. (2005), Ageism: Prejudice Against Our Feared Future Self. Journal of Social Issues, 61:  207–221. doi:  10. 1111/j. 1540-4560. 2005. 00402. x Retrieved October 1, 2012 from http://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1111/j. 1540-4560. 2005. 00402. x/full Carvalho, R. (2008), The final challenge: ageing, dying, individuation. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 53:  1–18. doi:  10. 1111/j. 1468-5922. 2007. 00699. x Retrieved October 1, 2012, from http://onlinelibrary. wiley. com. ezproxy. liberty. edu:2048/doi/10. 1111/j. 1468-5922. 2007. 00699. x/abstract

China – Economic Development Essay

Kimberly Remijan MWH Mr. Harvey The Pros Outweigh the Cons When one thinks of a major Chinese city such as Shanghai or Beijing, images of sidewalks overcrowded with pedestrians, thousands of bicycles lined on the streets and litter spotted throughout public areas may come to mind. However, with the modernization and industrialization China has gone through, urban citizens are now more frequently using public transport, automobiles are increasingly being used more and people are hired to keep streets as clean as possible.With a little over three decades having past since the major industrial development, China has industrialized at an astonishing rate. This is especially apparent when comparing its much higher industrializing rates to Japan, the UK and the US. With such high rates of growth, there are both negative and positive aspects that come out of such development. Although general health in China is not at its best, post 1980 industrial development has improved the average Chine se citizen’s life tremendously both personally and publically.Through the rush of industrialization, Chinese industry and production has had a negative effect on the health of citizens because of the air pollution from coal, water pollution from factory emissions and the inhumane working conditions for some people. The production of coal, a major industry in China, emits sulfur compounds, carbon and other byproducts into the air, which increases the risks of cancer, lung and heart issues. â€Å"Sulfur dioxide produced in coal combustion poses an immediate threat to the health of China’s citizens, contribution to about 40,000 premature deaths a year† (Bradsher and Barboza).This not only affects the physical welfare of workers but anyone who is exposed to this tainted air. Sulfur dioxide emitted from coal combustion also contributes to acid rain, poisoning bodies of water and vegetation. â€Å"Nearly 500 million people lack access to safe drinking water† (K han and Yardley). With people running the risk of being dehydrated, it is hard to imagine that they can have a healthy immune system and enough energy to function properly. Also, it is much more difficult to move forward in life without having clean water for hygiene and food urposes. Lastly, the horrendous working conditions for some workers in factories are destroying their health. People work where there are no regards to human safety, and live in overpopulated housing and do not have common household appliances, resulting in about 5,000 deaths annually (â€Å"Great Leap Backward†). This affects the comfort and safety of workers, resulting in physical and emotional unhappiness. However, even though it true that the health of many is at stake, there are many other effects of industrialization that citizens are benefitting from as well.In the past few decades, citizens have been experiencing the personal benefits of higher income, a growing middle class and wider choice and availability of household appliances and comforts. Many citizens, especially those living rurally, are seeing an increase in income. â€Å"The number of rural poor people decreased from 49. 6 million to 28. 2 million in 2002† (â€Å"China Sees Improvements†). With more money to spare, many people are now able to spend on more, better quality food, hygiene, business, education for their children and other factors that create a life with more opportunities for the present and the future.Also, the middle class has recently been growing and developing. â€Å"China’s growing middle class has made it to the second largest luxury good market in the world† (Rapoza). A growing middle class means that the general economy is improving, and there is higher demand for goods. Factories then need to be created, more jobs are available and there is more production. The lower class gets smaller and the middle and upper class grows, which benefits everyone. This then leads on to household appliances becoming more affordable and available to the population. Household appliances such as TV sets, washing machines and refrigerators became more common, and an increasing number of families acquired computers and cars† (â€Å"China Sees Improvements†). With such comforts being more widely used than in the past, people are able to live more comfortably and happily. The benefits for the common people do not stop here. On a public level, public transportation is now being frequently used and education as well as heath-care is more available and accessible to citizens.Public transport such as buses, trains, airplanes and boats are being developed and utilized by many. â€Å"China will build or renovate 150 airports†¦harness water routes along major rivers†¦build 20 thousand kilometers of roads†¦and 6,000 kilometers of railways† (â€Å"China to Witness Development†). Going back a few years ago when China mostly used bicy cles to get to and from places, this burst of transportation development is huge. Not only is it available to many now but the government also continues to improve such means of transport, which will make business, travel, trading and communication much easier.It gets even better as the government focuses much of its time and money on spreading opportunities for education throughout the country. â€Å"In the nine-year compulsory education, the central government remitted 52 million students from underdeveloped western and central regions their tuition fees and extras† (â€Å"China Economic Growth†). With education being available to all social and economic classes in China, there is opportunity for a great social leap in the future. With proper schooling, young adults are able to be exposed to more job opportunities and are able to support their families and work their way out of poverty.Similarly, there have been efforts made to increase availability and quality of co mmon medical care throughout the nation. â€Å"As conditions of medical care continue to improve, people’s health has come to a higher level with the average life expectancy reaching 71. 8 years in 2002† (â€Å"China Sees Improvements†). With healthcare conditions getting better and people living longer, it is apparent that people’s life standards are improving. Increased life expectancy generally means that there is better hygiene, health and environment than in the past.Through these three effects that have come out of industrialization, it is apparent that the public is affected positively in many ways. Even though the health situation with some Chinese citizens is not at its peak, post 1980 industrial development in China has colossally increased living standards of many on both a personal and public level. People have and are earning more salary, a middle class is emerging and developing and household applications are now more accessible. Additionall y, public transportation is more developed and utilized and education and healthcare availability and quality is improving.All these benefits are wonderful, but there is still the matter of people’s health being negatively affected by coal production and the conditions workers go through to produce coal and other goods in factors. Before coming up with conclusions, one must look at this issue in context. First of all, the rate at which China is industrializing is much higher than nations in the past, such as the UK taking 150 years and Japan taking 40 years to completely industrialize. With China’s growth spurt being so huge, there are bound to be some consequences in order to achieve all the other benefits stated previously.Additionally, while still comparing China to past industrial development periods, the UK used to also have bad working conditions in the cities with factories emitting outrageous amounts of pollution. With some time and effort, these conditions imp roved and more ecofriendly factories and machinery was used. The same goes for Japan and the US. The odds point to China doing the same as well because of the following reasons. With increased education and income, citizens young and old are becoming more aware of their environmental and health situation.Also, with all the efforts the government is putting into healthcare for its people, it is apparent that their wellbeing is being put into consideration. Hopefully this will lead to actions for the long term by eliminating inhumane working conditions and harm to the environment. If China continually seeks the example of other leading countries and keeps in pace with their efforts for the environment, one can see that the benefits of post 1980 industrialization will continue to and grow in outweighing the negatives of the harmful conditions and factories.

Facts and Inferences

F&I Page 1 Facts & Inferences Richard Melton 2/01/13 Fundamentals of Interpersonal Communications – 97 Zelda Togun F&I Page 2 Facts & InferencesIt was a real â€Å"eye opener† to see how much people make inferences when they aren’t sure what the real facts are. I noticed that even though I was taking notes and looking for inferences I am guilty of making them myself. For example, my best friends’ husband is at home all the time and they struggle to pay their bills. My friend is always asking me to loan her money. I was talking to my sister about it and I told her I thought my friends’ husband was lazy and shouldn’t be relying on her to take care of him.My sister agreed and we left it at that. Later on that day my best friend called me and asked if I could help her till next payday. I said sure and asked her why her husband isn’t working. She told me he has bipolar disorder and can’t hold a job, he has tried numerous times but has difficulty concentrating. They were in the middle of applying for S. S. I and that it was a long drawn out process. He is very ashamed of it and that’s why nobody knows about it.I should of thought it through when I was talking to my sister before I made the inference that he was lazy. Now that I know the truth I feel really bad for talking about him that way. F&I Page 3 References: Wood, Julia T. (2010). â€Å"Interpersonal Communication-7th Edition†. Boston, MA. Wadsworth; Cengage Learning.